declaring abstract classes

Abstract class is used in defining a common super class while writing Page Object Model layer of the framework. We usually create an abstract class named BasePage to have all common members for every page written in this class example getPageTitle(). Then each Page class (HomePage, LoginPage, DashboardPage etc.) inherit from BasePage. Sometimes one may need to change the behavior of methods implemented in superclass. So, subclass has freedom to override that method where we use polymorphism. This is how we use Abstract class in real projects. .In my framework I have created my BasePage class as super class of the all page classes. I have collected all common elements and functions into PageBase class and all other page classes extent PageBase class. By doing so, I don't have to locate very common WebElements and it provides reusability in my framework. Also 1)Abstract classes cannot be instantiated 2)Abstract class meant to be inherited so can not be final,static and private 2)An abstarct classes contains abstract method, concrete methods or both. 3)Any class which extends abstarct class must override all methods of abstract class 4)An abstarct class can contain either 0 or more abstract method.

what are abstract classes in java

Sometimes we may come across a situation
where we cannot provide implementation to
all the methods in a class. We want to leave the 
implementation to a class that extends it.
  In that case we declare a class
as abstract by using abstract keyword on method
signature.In my framework I have created my
PageBase class as super
class of the all page classes. 
I have collected all common elements
and functions into PageBase class and
all other page classes extent PageBase class.
By doing so, I don't have to locate very
common WebElements and it provides
reusability in my framework.

i)List<String> webs=driver.getWindowHandles();
=>create a list first to store web URLs in list

ii)findElements evaluates multiple elements so therefore will assigned to List <WebElement>

iii)To handle dynamic elements store it in the list and identify by index:
List<WebElement> all=driver.findElements(By.tagname(“”)); (or other locators).
Also
1)Abstract classes cannot be instantiated
2)An abstarct classes contains abstract method,
concrete methods or both.
3)Any class which extends abstarct class must
  override all methods of abstract class
4)An abstarct class can contain either
  0 or more abstract method.

Posted by: Guest on January-22-2021

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