bytes to string python
# utf-8 is used here because it is a very common encoding, but you
# need to use the encoding your data is actually in.
bytes = b'abcde'
bytes.decode("utf-8")
'abcde'
bytes to string python
# utf-8 is used here because it is a very common encoding, but you
# need to use the encoding your data is actually in.
bytes = b'abcde'
bytes.decode("utf-8")
'abcde'
Python bytes
>>> (1024).to_bytes(2, byteorder='big')
b'\x04\x00'
>>> (1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder='big')
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x04\x00'
>>> (-1024).to_bytes(10, byteorder='big', signed=True)
b'\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfc\x00'
>>> x = 1000
>>> x.to_bytes((x.bit_length() + 7) // 8, byteorder='little')
b'\xe8\x03'
join python documentation
>>> ''.join(['A', 'B', 'C'])
'ABC'
>>> ''.join({'A': 0, 'B': 0, 'C': 0}) # note that dicts are unordered
'ACB'
>>> '-'.join(['A', 'B', 'C']) # '-' string is the seprator
'A-B-C'
Python bytes
def bit_length(self):
s = bin(self) # binary representation: bin(-37) --> '-0b100101'
s = s.lstrip('-0b') # remove leading zeros and minus sign
return len(s) # len('100101') --> 6
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