numpy init array with value
# NumPy 1.8 introduced np.full(),
# which is a more direct method than empty() followed by fill()
# for creating an array filled with a certain value:
np.full((3, 5), 7)
"""
array([[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.],
[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.],
[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.]])
"""
np.full((3, 5), 7, dtype=int)
"""
array([[7, 7, 7, 7, 7],
[7, 7, 7, 7, 7],
[7, 7, 7, 7, 7]])
"""
# This is arguably the way of creating an array filled with certain values,
# because it explicitly describes what is being achieved
# (and it can in principle be very efficient since it performs a
# very specific task).