locators in selenium
- There are 8 locators.
- id, class, name, linktext, partialLinktext,
cssSelector, xpath, tagName
- First I would check for id. If there is id,
and it is not dynamic, I would go for id.
- If not, I would quickly check for it if
there is unique class or name attribute value
-If it is link, I would use linkText or
partiallinktext
-If none available than I would go for xpathtypes of locators in selenium
--> WHAT ARE LOCATORS?
- Locators are methods that are used to locate HTML web elements for
Selenium browser driver.
--> WHAT IT IS USED FOR?
- It is used to locate any specific web element
on the UI of AUT (application under test)
--> HOW MANY Selenium LOCATORS?
- There are 8 locators.
- id, class, name, linktext, partialLinktext, cssSelector, xpath, tagNamelocators in selenium
LOCATORS
id: ID attribute value is unique to that specific webElement.
driver.findElement(By.id("id attribute's value"));
Dynamic attribute value -> Refresh the page and
check if the id attribute value is changing or not.
name: looks for the value of the name attribute
and returns the matching web element- it is not always unique.
driver.findElement(By.name("h131"));
className: looks for the value of class attribute.
driver.findElement(By.className("h461"));
tagName: locates the webElement by tagName itself.
-returns the first matching tagName
driver.findElement(By.tagName("a"))
linkText: locates the webElement by the text of the link
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Click here to go Google"));
partialLinkText: Only checks if the given text is contained in the link.
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("TEXT"));
cssSelector: It has its own syntax.
It helps us create custom locators to locate webElements
using different attributes and values.
-> We are not just stuck using: id, name, class, linkText.
-> We can use any attribute and their values to locate.
tagName[attribute='value'] / tagName.value
==> looks for tagName with given class attribute value
How do we go from child to parent using cssSelector?
-> You can NOT go to parent from child using cssSelector.
8- Xpath:
1- Absolute Xpath: - It starts with / "single slash" ->
When we say /, it will go to the direct child of the given webElement
- Absolute xpath starts from root element
- It is not recommended to use absolute xpath
- Because it is very fragile. Easily breaks when there is
any minimal structural changes on HTML code.
/html/body/div/div/a --> This would return line C.
2- Relative xpath: -> Starts with // "double slash”
When we say // it allows us to start from anywhere in the html code.
-> When we say //, it will jump and return all of the
given webElements inside of the HTML
Commonly used relative xpath syntaxes:
1- //tagName[@attribute='value'] 2- //*[@attribute='value']
3- //tagname[.='text']
If we are using attribute value with xpath, and it is returning
us more than 1 option.
We need to surround the whole xpath with paranthesis.
ex: (//button[@class='btn btn-primary'])[2]Copyright © 2021 Codeinu
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